What is the optimal level of fluoride in drinking water to promote dental health?

The optimal level of fluoride in drinking water to promote dental health is recognized as 1 ppm (parts per million). This level has been established based on extensive research indicating that fluoride at this concentration is effective in preventing tooth decay while minimizing the risk of dental fluorosis, a condition caused by excessive fluoride exposure during tooth development.

Fluoride works by enhancing the remineralization of tooth enamel and inhibiting the growth of harmful oral bacteria, leading to a lower incidence of cavities. The balance is crucial; too little fluoride may not provide sufficient protection against decay, while too much can lead to negative effects, particularly in young children whose teeth are still developing.

This established guideline reflects a consensus among health organizations, including the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the American Dental Association (ADA), emphasizing that 1 ppm is the ideal concentration for promoting the best dental health outcomes.